Little Rock 9; Arkansas fought federal government in the decision to keep schools segregated
Ike had to bring in marines to enforce federal law
Arkansas fought back by closing high schools for one year
was it a few highlighted by the media or more people (many different license plates from diff. states)
Voting laws
literacy tests
poll taxes
Lists of Challenged Books
Harry Potter
Twilight Saga
Of Mice and Men
I Know Why the Caged Book Sings
Captain Underpants
Forever--Judy Bloom
Communism
be able to teach or not?
often at the forefront of civil rights activities
teacher's union at NYC working to hire African American teachers
preserve equity a lot more than other groups in America
Brown vs. Board of Ed
Plessy vs. Fergesson was not constitutional for K12 Education
segregated public schools are not equal and cannot be made equal
"it hurts children in ways that cannot be undone"
very few citations to any type of authority, not trying to undo Plessy, instead they claim
plessy was creating racial classifications, in violation of 14th ammendment, but they couldn't go there b/c justices were divided over precedent and politics
due process: other groups were not included (Mexican Americans--"other white"), so there were no laws to separate them from "pure whites"
"segregation creates damage" based on doll studies (blacks choosing white dolls over black dolls in Australia)--terrible science
Social Scientists
headstart--equalize opportunity--not so academic, not professional teachers, small amounts of time
harry preschool
very skilled teachers in this scientific experiment
life experiences of kids was overwhelmingly positive with early childhood program
IQ and cultural deprivation--move away from IQ tests, more a function of experience over intelligence
Clark--high expectations for students
teachers need to understand students' culture
Almost always challengable, David Cohen, "really the scholarship on education should be conversation rather than a set of rules to follow"
Little Rock video
Lists of Challenged Books
Communism
Brown vs. Board of Ed
Social Scientists
Monahan report